ONLINE DRIVERS MEDIA

If you dont have ginger powder, just shred a fresh rhizome. Thats by the way what the researchers did, as well.

Yeah, we all know "Ginger is good for your glucose metabolism". We all know "there are dozens of rodent studies that support its benefits". And we also know that there is evidence from acute interventions that indicate that ginger can ameliorate the glucose response to oral glucose tolerance tests.

But do we know, whether the regular consumption of realistic amounts of pure ginger will have beneficial effects on the glucose levels of those who would benefit the most, i.e. type II aka "lifestyle" diabetics?
The results of the latest study from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences where scientists obviously dont depend on being able to produce patentable agents would suggest: There are benefits!

I have to admit, though, the ginger the 20-60 years old diabetics consumed was not provided in form of whole roots, but rather as a powder made of ginger roots.

"The under study patients were diagnosed with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by an endocrinologist on the basis of the results of the blood tests and met the criteria of the study. These criteria included: disease duration at least 2 years, HbA1c level of 6-8%, taking no antioxidant supplements such as selenium, zinc and beta-carotene for at least 3 months prior to the study, no smoking and drinking. Exclusion criteria of the study were insulin therapy at baseline or during the study, changes in the type or dose of medication, changes in diet or daily physical activity, any acute illnesses or some chronic diseases including kidney, liver, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal diseases, smoking pregnancy and lactation, consumption of ginger or other botanical supplements, ginger hypersensitivity, and consumption of less than 80% of supplements during the study period." (Khandouzi. 2015)

Patients were divided randomly into two groups (experiment and control, 25 subjects in each) using computers random numbers to receive either ginger or placebo one capsule twice a day for 12 weeks. All subjects were permitted to consume their usual medications according to their physicians recommendation.

Regular ginger powder, nothing else!

The fresh rhizomes for the ginger powder purchased from local market and were ground as a fine particle after drying. The powder was delivered to a pharmaceutical lab (Tehran university of medical sciences, Iran) to prepare capsules containing 1 gram ginger in each. Lactose was also used to make placebo. Information on when the supplements were ingested is unfortunately, not available, but I assume "twice daily" means with breakfast and dinner or something like that.

Figure 1: Changes in fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, Apo-B/Apo-A1 and MDA levels (Khandouzi. 2015).

What is available, is the most relevant information, i.e. glucose, apolipoproteins and MDA levels we can use to access the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.Parameters of which the data in Figure 1 tells you that they were significantly improved over the course of the 12-week study period. More specifically, this means:

• A 12% and 10% reduction in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c that may reduce many of the nasty chronic side effects of type II diabetes, such as its negative effects on heart health (Patel. 2008)
• A 28% reduction in the Apo B / Apo A-I ratio that signifies a significant reduction in coronary atherosclerosis risk (Van Stiphout. 1986)
• A 23% reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that signifies a reduction in coronary heart disease risk (Khan. 2000)

Overall, there is thus little question that something as simple as adding 2g of pulverized fresh Zingiber officinale rhizomes will have a significant impact on important health markers in middle-aged type II diabetics.
References:

• Khan, Mudassir Ahmad, and Abdul Baseer. "Increased malondialdehyde levels in coronary heart disease." J Pak Med Assoc 50.8 (2000): 261-264.
• Khandouzi, Nafiseh, et al. "The Effects of Ginger on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein AI and Malondialdehyde in Type 2 Diabetic Patients." Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR 14.1 (2015): 131.
• Patel, Anushka, et al. "Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes." (2008).
• Schweizer, A., et al. "Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA1c over 1 year in drug?naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes." Diabetic Medicine 24.9 (2007): 955-961.
• Van Stiphout, W. A. H. J., et al. "Is the ratio of apo B/apo AI an early predictor of coronary atherosclerosis?." Atherosclerosis 62.2 (1986): 179-182.

No matter what this study says, I am pretty sure that the combination of bicarbonate + beta alanine would rule for Tour de France cyclists - at least during the dreaded time-trials.

In a recent study researchers from the Victoria University and the Queensland University of Technology observed that the combination of the carnonsine pre-cursor beta alanine and sodium bicarbonate will elevate the buffering potential of skeletal muscle in eight apparently healthy, recreationally active men (26.2 ± 1.9 year; 79.8 ± 2.11 kg; 179.0 ± 2.2 cm; VO2peak 51.0 ± 2.5 ml/kg/min) by increasing muscle carnosine and blood bicarbonate levels, respectively.

So much for the good news, the bad news however is that the performance increases on a repeated sprint test were non-signficant and the expected additive effects of beta alanine and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) during a 110% cycling capacity test were non-existing.
The trial participants were asked to complete 2 exercise tests, over consecutive days, at the end of each of the four co-supplement periods (see fig.  1).

Figure 1: Design of the study. Each trial consisted of two exercise tests performed over consecutive days. A total of 12 weeks between trials 2 and 3 was implemented to ensure adequate supplement washout time participants randomised to ingest ?-alanine during the initial chronic supplementation. MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, RSA repeated sprint ability test, CCT 110 %cycling capacity test. Solid  arrows depict crossover between acute supplementation (Pl and SB). Dotted arrows depict crossover between chronic supplementation (BAl and Pl; Danaher. 2014)

During the double-blind supplementation periods, the subjects consumed capsulated ?-alanine (4.8g/day for four weeks, 6.4g/day for two weeks) or the placebo calcium carbonate (CaCO3). To investigate the superimposition of NaHCO3 (baking soda) with ?-alanine, the acute administration of NaHCO3 occurred following each of  the 6-week periods of ?-alanine and placebo supplementation.

Figure 2: The non-existing increases in peak and average performance with beta alanine and - with the exception of one outlier - bicarbonate supplementation is disappointing; value expressed relative to placebo trial.

This required two trials of either 300 mg/kg body weight sodium bicarbonate or a not wisely chosen "placebo", i.e. CaCO3 (While I have seen this repeatedly, I am asking myself how smart it really si to use calciumcarbonate as a placebo for a bicarbonate, if the carbonate will form HCO3 as soon as it is cleaved from the calcium ion?) , that was administered only once 90 min prior to the exercise bouts of the respective trials and was split into 6 equal doses over the first 50 min of the 90-min pre-exercise period.
Reference:

• Danaher, Jessica et al. "The effect of ?-alanine and NaHCO3co-ingestion on buffering capacity and exercise performance with high-intensity exercise in healthy males." Eur J Appl Physiol (2014) 114:1715–1724